Search results for "Semicircular Canals"

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following whiplash injury: a myth or a reality?

2011

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the true incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) arising after whiplash injury and to distinguish this type of posttraumatic vertigo from other types of dizziness complained after trauma. Methods This was a retrospective study comprising patients referred to our center after whiplash injury. The patients were evaluated with neurotologic examination including bedside and instrumental tests. A Dizziness Handicap Inventory evaluating the symptoms of patients was submitted before and after treatment and was evaluated. The BPPV patients were separately evaluated from those with cervicogenic vertigo…

Diagnostic performance of reformatted isotropic thin-section helical CT images in the detection of superior semicircular canal dehiscence

2017

Purpose The purpose of this article is to assess the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) reformatted images for detection of superior semicircular canal (SSC) dehiscence. Material and methods Forty-two patients, with sound- and/or pressure-induced vestibular symptoms, and 42 control participants underwent helical CT examination with a highly collimated beam (0.5 mm). Reformatted images of the vestibular labyrinth were obtained in the standard axial and coronal planes (group A images), and in a plane parallel and perpendicular to the SSC (group B images). Diagnostic performance obtained by evaluating the group A images alone and the group B images alone was analyzed by using t…

Nature of a Pigmented Substance in the Labyrinth

1964

The pigment existing in the loose connective tissue of the posterior labyrinth is originated by hemorrhage, pathological or “physiological” inflammations and wearing out of tissues. Such pigment is contained in macrophages.

Nonlinear nystagmus processing causes torsional VOR nonlinearity.

2003

The eye movement component that rotates around the line of sight, i.e., the ocular torsion, is in many aspects different from horizontal and vertical eye movements. While ocular torsion is mediated only by reflexive pathways like the torsional vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes (TVOR and OKN, respectively), horizontal and vertical components are also subject to intentional control mechanisms that are mediated by the saccadic and the pursuit systems. Dynamic properties of torsional eye movements are also very distinct. While horizontal and vertical VOR components show a gain close to unity and a small neural integration leakage with a time constant around pi=30 s, the TVOR shows a sma…

Comparison of repositioning maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of posterior semicircular canal: advantages of hybrid maneuver.

2012

Objective: The prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is becoming more frequent in elderly population. The presence of comorbid factors has to be considered before assessment as well as before commencing any repositioning treatment. Our aims were evaluation of the maneuvers efficacy and evaluation of the applicability of hybrid maneuver (HM) in patients with physical limitation. Study design and setting: This is a randomized study in 2 tertiary referral centers. Intervention: This is a therapeutic intervention. Patients: All consecutive patients with diagnosis of BPPV of posterior canal matching the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients underwent treatment soon after…

A multicenter observational study on the role of comorbidities in the recurrent episodes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2014

Objective: Primary objective of this study was to find a statistical link between the most worldwide comorbidities affecting the elderly population (hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthrosis, osteoporosis and depression) and recurrent episodes of BPPV. Secondary objective was defining possible "groups of risk" for people suffering recurrent positional vertigo related to the presence of a well documented comorbidity. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter, spontaneous, non-pharmacological study. The data of 1092 patients suffering BPPV evaluated in 11 different Departments of Otolaryngology, Otoneurology and Neurology, referring Centers for positional vertigo evaluatio…

Effect of water immersion on post-rotatory and caloric nystagmus.

1991

Caloric nystagmus and post-rotatory nystagmus were recorded with and without head-out water immersion. As water immersion reduces body weight by about 90% owing to buoyancy, it decreases somatosensory inputs. Thus water immersion can be used to simulate a weightless environment. Caloric nystagmus was enhanced significantly by water immersion; however, post-rotatory nystagmus was not. These findings demonstrate that caloric nystagmus is easily affected by water immersion which decreases somatosensory inputs, but that post-rotatory nystagmus is not.

Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs.

2010

Objectives/Hypothesis: Intratympanic application of gentamicin is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Meniere's disease. Low doses eliminate the function of semicircular canal ampullae (SCCA) and saccule in most patients, although utricular function is maintained in many cases. Local alteration in free radical production might be responsible for these differences. Therefore, the gentamicin-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in an animal model using separate organ cultures of SCCA, saccule, and utricle. Study Design: Prospective pilot study in male guinea pigs. Methods: SCCA, saccule, and utricle of 28 guinea pigs were isolated and incubated separate…

Glandular structures in the planum semilunatum.

1961

European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 1. Overview.

1986

During the flight of Spacelab-1 a series of vestibular experiments was performed on the crew by a group of European investigators. Control experiments were carried out on the same subjects pre- and postflight. The tests included caloric stimulation of the ears, threshold measurements of response to linear acceleration, motion sickness provocative stimuli, vestibulo-ocular reflexes during linear and angular stimulation, estimation of the subjective vertical (luminous line measurements) and static ocular counterrotation at various tilt angles. The caloric experiment proved the existence of a nonthermoconvective mechanism of caloric nystagmus in space. Most of the other test results point to a…